A recent report highlights a large rise in gambling in the UK.Discuss Essay

An ongoing report features an enormous ascent in betting in the UK.Discuss why this has happened, regardless of whether it is a reason for concern,and, provided that this is true, what should be possible stomach muscle - Essay Example dynamic and ceaseless issue that includes an unwavering inability to oppose driving forces to bet and where this maladaptive conduct disturbs, or harms individual, family, or professional pursuits’’ (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p. 615). Issue Gambling is â€Å"persistent and repetitive maladaptive betting conduct that disturbs individual, family or professional pursuits.† (American Psychiatric Association) â€Å"It maintains a strategic distance from the clinical and pejorative ramifications of pathological’’ (Walker and Dickerson, 1996) and the term Problem Gambler’ is utilized to characterize somebody â€Å"whose betting is at a prior stage and to a lesser degree than required by the analytic criteria† (Rosenthal, 1989). The third term Compulsive Gambling is all the more regularly utilized by â€Å"laypersons, for example, Gamblers Anonymous (GA) members†. (Clinical Psychology Review 22 - 2002) As this conversatio n depends on brain science, the principle spotlight would stay on the â€Å"pathological gambling† so as to depict the betting practices. Various types of betting are secured by the term PG including club betting, pari-mutuels, horse races, lotteries and gaming machines. The neurotic betting has a few â€Å"negative effects on the gamblers’ physical and emotional well-being and execution in professional situations† (Productivity Commission, 1999). The obsessive speculators regularly face budgetary hardships, Interpersonal issues and psychosocial issues in their youngsters. It is likewise connected with huge issues, including â€Å"suicidal ideation and endeavors, conjugal clashes, work issues, liquor and substance misuse, mental co bleakness and diminished wellbeing function†. (Benjamin J. Morasco, Jeremiah Weinstock 2007) During most recent couple of decades, there has been an ascent in betting everywhere throughout the world and in United Kingdom additionally individuals are getting dependent of it. Despite the fact that there are no particular reasons that persuade individuals to begin betting however there are a few factors that

charant Characterization in Sophocles Antigone Essays -- Antigone es

Antigone†Characterizationâ â â â â â â   â â This paper will outline the sorts of characters delineated in Sophocles’ awful dramatization, Antigone, regardless of whether static or dynamic, level or round, and whether depicted through the appearing or telling strategy.  Martin Heidegger in â€Å"The Ode on Man in Sophocles’ Antigone† clarifies, in a fairly included theory,â the obliteration of Creon’s character:  The contention between the staggering nearness of the essent all in all and man’s fierce being-there makes the chance of ruin into the issueless and placeless: debacle. Be that as it may, catastrophe and the chance of calamity don't happen just toward the end, when a solitary demonstration of intensity comes up short, when the fierce one makes a bogus move; no, this fiasco is crucial, it administers and holds up in the contention among savagery and the overwhelming. Viciousness against the prevalent intensity of being must break against being, if being rules in its substance, as material science, as rising power(98).  The discourse, activity and inspiration rotate about the characters in the story (Abrams 32-33). Werner Jaeger in â€Å"Sophocles’ Mastery of Character Development† gives the playwright the most elevated pat on the back concerning character advancement:  The indelible impression which Sophocles makes on us today and his long-lasting situation in the writing of the world are both because of his character-drawing. On the off chance that we solicit which from the people of Greek disaster have an autonomous life in the creative mind separated from the stage and from the real plot where they show up, we should reply, ‘those made by Sophocles, most importantly others’ (36).  Surelyâ it tends to be said of Sophocles’ primary characters that they develop past the two measurement... ...ment of his declaration; he changes after Teiresias’ visit and cautioning. Ismene and Haemon become dynamic later in the catastrophe. Seldom does the screenwriter utilize the tune to pass on data; the majority of this originates from trades of discourse, which would be the demonstrating method.  WORKS CITED  Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, seventh ed. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999.  Antigone by Sophocles. Interpreted by R. C. Jebb. no pag. http://classics.mit.edu/Sophocles/antigone.html  Heidegger, Martin. â€Å"The Ode on Man in Sophocles’ Antigone.† In Sophocles: A Collection of Critical Essays, altered by Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.  Jaeger, Werner. â€Å"Sophocles’ Mastery of Character Development.† In Readings on Sophocles, altered by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1997. Â

Web Developer Resume Examples, Template Best Tips

Web Developer Resume Examples, Template Best Tips It is difficult to imagine a world without the internet nowadays. Almost every person and every company are present there, one way or another.Hence, it is not surprising that it is a common practice for a company to have its own website in order for it to be able to offer its products or services to its customers.Internet is the easiest way to reach customers, so the competition between companies is fierce.That’s why they need to have a website that would be attractive for the customers and well-optimized as well, so the business could be done smoothly.That’s why web development is very popular nowadays.Demand for it is infinite, while supply is not.This means that a lot of young people choose web development as their personal calling.Which leads us to the point.Since the competition is high, it is important for people to maximize their chances of getting that job, win over that client.A good resume can help with that. We are here today to help you create a good resume if you dec ide to become a web developer. We will present several of the most important questions each perfect resume should answer:How does your resume can help you be different than others?What are the important points of every resume?What kind of layout should I use to build my resume?When do you consider resume to be too long?All of these things are important, and each of these things could negatively affect your chance of getting the job if done wrong.It is not a good idea to have just one resume for each job you apply, especially if it is not the job in the same field.Different jobs require different skills. Some skills are important for one job but completely irrelevant to another. Being a web developer requires different skills from being a mechanic.Anyway, don’t worry about that now.We are here to help you overcome that sense of doubt, by answering all those questions, we asked a couple of rows above.When we are done, you will be able to write your own resume.However, if you are laz y to make your own layout, feel free to use our resume template creator and you will be able to make your resume in a matter of minutes.Now, before we answer those questions, we will show you a couple of examples of great resumes for web development.So, strap in and let’s start!Front-end Developer Resume Example Right Web Developer Resume Example Right Create your own resumeGUIDE ON WRITING THE PERSONAL INFO SECTIONWhat is a good way to start your resume? Well, the answer is simple. Write something about yourself, a personal information section. In this section, you should share something about yourself, in order to let the potential interviewers meet you beforehand.Now, it is not a good idea just to write everything you think of. The order and relevance of the information are also very important, so don’t just write your entire life and share all your contact information, because the resume is just a short overview of your biography.Our resume template creator can really help you with that, if you decide to use it, instead of manually writing everything.Full NameThe first thing you say when you introduce yourself to someone is, of course, your name. Introduction in resumes is no exception. However, it should be a bit different. You should state your full name, without using any nicknames. It is more professional that way.William Adama RightWilliam 'Admiral' Adama WrongProfessionIt is a common practice to include your current profession or job title under your name, to emphasize your current working status. If you don’t have a job yet or you are just a fresh graduate, feel free to put your previous title or the highest education title.PhotoPhoto is a common thing in resumes. Some jobs even require you to have a photo next to your resume, for example, if you are applying to be a model or weather reporter. However, try not to put any photo of yourself. The photo you present should be professional, to show the best of you. Some random Instagram photo would not do the job.Phone NumberYou know how sometimes emails can be bugged and not fully trusted. Well, that is why you should also share your phone number with people, giving them the option to contact you directly, rather than having to wait for you to answer an email that you may never receive due to some bugs. If you are working with foreigners, make sure to use proper country codes.AddressAnother very useful information to share is your address. It is good to share your address, simply because it allows recruiters to see where you live and perhaps decide to put you in the company sector closer to your home.E-Mail AddressOne of the most necessary information you need to put on your resume is an email address. It is the main way of contact between the company and the candidate nowadays. There are some tips that could help you, though. Whatever you do, just don’t put emails with silly names in it. Your business email needs to look professional, which means that you should use your full name or some combination of it if it is too long.As for domains, you should only use trusted domains, like Yahoo, Hotmail or Gmail.willadama04@gmail.com Rightadmiraladama@gmail.com WrongSocial Media ProfilesNowadays, almost everyone can be found on one or more social media platforms. Depending on the job, you co uld share some of your social media profiles in your resume. However, one profile you should always share is your LinkedIn profile.One thing to note here is that before sharing your LinkedIn profile, you should first edit the link, so it looks more professional, like in the table.https://www.linkedin.com/in/william-adama Righthttps://www.linkedin.com/in/william-adama-2x156874 WrongWhen it comes to other social media profiles, you can share them, just make sure to make them look more professional beforehand. You could also try making your own pages on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram, showing your portfolio.GUIDE ON WRITING THE SUMMARY SECTIONBefore you start writing every detailed information you intended for your resume, you should briefly summarize everything you will write in a couple of sentences.This section is called the summary section. Here, you need to write information that could seem important to the reader.So, that means you should put things like your previous experienc e, things you had learn and some achievements that might be useful to the job you are applying for.We know it’s hard to put all of that in a couple of sentences, but it shouldn’t be too long since it is just a summary of what will come in later text anyway. Let’s check the example.SummaryWeb Developer with over 7 years of experience in web development, SEO, programming and front-end development. Worked on building and maintaining over 500 websites, by using PHP, CSS, HTML, WordPress, and Java. Have strong analytical and leadership skills, due to the active position of a team leader in the current company. RightSummaryWeb Developer with over 7 years of experiences and a lot of acquired skills. WrongAs you can see in the table, it is better to be as detailed as possible, since you want recruiters to see your value. By writing the summary from the right column, you would just be another web developer with some experience. There are tens of thousands of people with the same comp etencies.However, by providing more information about your work and skills you have gives recruiters a bigger picture of your personality and competencies, so they could make the decision whether to hire you or not much easier.By looking at your details, recruiters are able to see what skills you have and then correlate that with the skills needed for the job in question.Also, if you had worked in different lines of work, you should write that down as well, since that would send a message that you are capable of working in different fields.GUIDE ON WRITING THE EXPERIENCE SECTIONThe right way of writing the experience section of your resume is by using the reverse-chronological order.That means that you should first write the most recent job you had or still have, and the last job should be the first one you had.It is a normal way of writing most of the information in your resume. Let’s see how would that look in a practical example. Right WrongApart from using the reverse-chronological order, you should also mention several things about the job, as shown in the left column of the table.Describe what tasks you had, what goals you managed to achieve, and what skills you might’ve learned in the process.That would show recruiters what skills and competencies you have and how you could be useful to their company.This entire process can be very tiring, and it can take a lot of time, so, in order to avoid that, you could just use our resume template creator and just fill in the pre-made template.GUIDE ON WRITING THE EDUCATION SECTIONAfter finishing with the experience section of your resume, you should consider writing about your education.The template is similar to the experience section, meaning that you will have to use the reverse-chronological order again.However, one thing to note here is that sometimes it is not needed to put all the schools, especially if you are a person with a lot of experience.In that case, pu tting only your highest education is enough. Let’s take a look at an example. Right WrongSame as in the experience section, make sure to add several points about your academic work if you had some. If you had good grades, put your GPA as well.If you have made the Dean’s list for several consecutive semesters or if the requirements for it were strict, make sure to put that information as well.Everything you write just contributes to the puzzle, which is yourself.Every piece of the puzzle helps recruiters see the bigger picture and find out who you really are.GUIDE ON WRITING THE SKILLS SECTIONAnd last part of the resume is the skills section.People usually tend to put as many things as they can in this section, which is a mistake. Why, you may ask?Well, it is the case because not every skill is important for every job.Yes, everything you have learned in life matters, but not for every job.So, depending on the job position you want to apply for, you should put certain skills you have and don’t include some skills that might be irrelevant to the job in question.S killsProgramming skills:PHPCSSJavaScriptHTMLGitjQueryJavaMySQLC++C#Languages:English (Native)German (Proficient)Italian (Basic)Other:Team-orientedWell-organizedHard-working RightSkillsTime managementCookingGood with children WrongAs you can see in the table, since the job position is web development, it would be useless to put skills such as “good cooker” or state that you are good with children.Also, as you can see in the table, Microsoft Office skills are not included.But, since the person is a web developer, it is safe to assume that she has the required proficiency in Microsoft Office.So, depending on the job and your personal experience, there are skills that you can leave out of the list.One more thing to note in the table is that skills are divided into categories. It is a good thing to separate skills in different categories, which gives them importance.So, you should put skills that are important for the job first, then other skills.It would make it easier for readers to separate and compare skills they are looking for in a candidate and the skills that you have.TIPS TRICKSNow that we finished the general guide on how to write a perfect resume let’s stop for a moment and think of some smaller things that could help you improve your resume even further.These things might seem less important, but they are actually very important because they give your resume a certain look and feel of professionalism.Font Style Size â€" before you even start writing the resume, start for a moment and think about the font you want to use for it. There are a lot of options, but one thing to note is that you should never use handwritten fonts. At least not for the main parts of your resume. The text should be clear and easy to read, so it is better to use one of the normal fonts. Just pick one that you seem fit.Bulleting List â€" resumes are a short version of your life, skills, and achievements, so they shouldn’t be bigger than one, one and a half page at most . That means you will have to decide which information is relevant and which not. To make it easier to read everything, you should use bulleting lists as much as possible, while still maintaining the professional looks. One advice for this is not to make each bullet longer than 3 rows, in order to avoid having unnecessary information shown in the text.File Format â€" if you are having doubts about file format you want to use for your resume, don’t have any. While it is much easier to edit .txt files, it is more professional to use .pdf format. So, if you are a fast learner and you want to add things to your resume often, then keep one copy of it in .txt and just convert it to .pdf on a need basis. The file you send to recruiters should always be in .pdf format since it looks more professional.Resume Template â€" in order to fully represent your personality, it is a good idea to think about the template you want to use for your resume. You can’t just throw in all information in n o particular order and hope that it will be good enough. Resume template is important because it tells recruiters what kind of person you are. Neat and organized resumes usually mean that people who wrote them are also neat and organized, which is good in most jobs. However, it might not be easy to create your own template since it requires a lot of thinking and creativity. Not everyone can be like that. That’s why we offer you to use our resume template creator, so you could easily make a perfect resume fast and without much trouble.E-Mail Check â€" one very important step when applying for a new job is to wait for that call or email from the company. Our advice is to regularly check your emails because it could happen that messages can get lost in the spam folder. So, make sure to check it on a regular basis, in order for you not to miss a chance of getting the job you wanted.Revisiting your Resume â€" when you finally manage to finish your resume, you usually feel relieved. How ever, this is not the time to rest. What you should do is pretend to be a recruiter and take an objective look at your resume. By doing that, you will be able to notice if anything relevant is missing, as well as if anything that is not so important is in there. That way, you will basically polish your resume, giving it a new, shiny look and making it perfect.Different Job, Different Resume â€" we had already said that different jobs require you to have a different set of skills. Meaning that every job application makes your resume different in some way. Set of skills needed for a web developer is not the same as the set of skills needed for a cook. A cook doesn’t need to know PHP or Java, while those are almost essential that are characteristic for professional web developers.Political Opinions and Activities â€" depending on the political atmosphere in your country, politics can have a huge or none influence on the hiring process. That’s why it is better not to include any pol itical activities and personal political opinions in your resume. You can almost never know if recruiters share similar beliefs, so it is better not to mention it at all. If they ask you the question during your interview, then it is a different matter, but as for the politics in a resume, this is it.Proper Grammar â€" one of the most important things to remember when writing a resume is to use proper grammar. Having too many grammar mistakes looks unprofessional and makes you look stupid. And no one wants to hire stupid people for some serious jobs. So, make sure to check your grammar when you finish writing your resume.Update your Resume â€" if you are a person who tends to learn and get new skills fast, then it is a good idea to update your resume regularly, so it could be ready whenever you need it since you never know when some good opportunity might come out.CONCLUSIONAlright, people, that was everything we had prepared for you today.We showed you some good examples of web dev eloper resumes, what are the most important sections of each resume and some small tips and tricks on how to polish your resume and improve your chances of getting that dream job you want to get.Just to remind you, if you are still struggling to do this by yourself, don’t force it and use our resume template creator for free, which could help you to make a perfect resume really fast. Create your own resume

Factors Affecting The Air Pollution - 1973 Words

Air pollution occurs due to the emission of pollutants to the atmosphere. Emissions that are most often responsible for this menace include smoke, dust particles, and hydrocarbons. There has been an increase in air pollution within many regions around the world (Utell,Warren and Sawyer 157). However, urban environments tend to have higher levels of environmental pollution. One factor playing into this urban crisis is the existence of agents that develop pollutants in urban regions. Because metropolitan areas tend to be industrious and abundant in modes of transportation, emissions from factories and motor vehicles are constant in cities. Developing countries also suffer from this problem. They have inadequate regulations aimed to govern the disposal of hydrocarbons from factories and motorcades. The key factors playing into the air pollution in Quetta city, Pakistan, help provide an historical context and some background information. These factors are also associated with other notic eable components that perpetuate and exhaust this issue. Examining these contributing factors helps direct us to several proposed solutions. Such potential solutions include increasing the use of natural gas, developing manufacturing industries outside of the city, reducing the consumption of old automobiles while maximizing the consumption of newer ones, and raising public awareness on the issue of air pollution. The main issue that the city of Quetta faces is a high population of people.Show MoreRelatedAir Pollution Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pages In recent years, air pollution has become a growing problem in China (Zhang, Chao). According to the newly released scientific paper by Dan Levin, outdoor air pollution contrib7utes to the deaths of 1.6 million people in China every year, and about 4,400 people a day (Levin, Dan). Essentially, air is a major part of our overall health. 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Analysis Of The Book I Lay Dying By Dewey Dell

A tool is a device or instrument used to carry out a particular function. Although betrayal is not considered an actual object, Dewey Dell within the book As I Lay Dying uses this to achieve a safe plan. Just like in the definition of a tool, she uses betrayal for a particular function; this particular function is to get rid of her brother Darl. Dewey Dell is the daughter of Anse and Addie Bundren. She is about seventeen years old. In this novel, she has sex with a boy named Lafe and conceives a child. She does as much as she can to avoid her secret to escape along with trying to abort her baby. When Dewey Dell betrays her brother Darl because her fear of him knowing about the pregnancy along with her mother’s extreme influence on her†¦show more content†¦The first person that Dewey Dell betrays is her brother Darl. Dewey Dell and Darl were very close according to their brother Cash before Dewey Dell became pregnant. Cash says, â€Å"And then I always kind of had an idea that him and Dewey Dell kind of knowed things betwixt them† (Faulkner 237). Although Cash believes that they were close before, their relationship changed. Darl towards the end of the book burns Samson’s barn with his mother’s coffin in it. Dewey Dell knows that he did this. When they get to the town of Jefferson to bury their mother, Dewey Dell turns in her brother Darl to the police. â€Å". . . but when them fellows told him what they wanted and that they had come to get him and he throwed back, she jumped on him like a wild cat . . .†(Faulkner 237). Dewey Dell not only turns Darl in, but she helps the police tackle him to the ground. This is a major relationship change from what Cash had expressed. She betrays Darl by telling the police. She could have kept it to herself and not told anyone, but instead she decides to notify the police of his wrong doings. Addie betrayed her husband Anse and this influenced Dewey Dell to tattle on her brother Darl. Addie, within the only chapter that she has in the book describes why she betrayed her husband. She says, â€Å"But then I realised that I had been tricked by words older than Anse or love, and that same word had tricked AnseShow MoreRelated As I Lay Dying Essay: The Characters1386 Words   |  6 Pagesin As I Lay Dying The poets voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail. 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Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, OneRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure

Characteristics Of A Good Leader Free Essays

There are many things that can be done by people at my age, teenagers, to make a better preparation for our future. Being a good leader is one of them. However, unlike what some people think, being a good leader does not mean that we hold a power over other people. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics Of A Good Leader or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, there are many characteristics of a good leader and therefore, this essay shall explore some characteristics of it. To begin with, responsibility and the ability to make an important decision play an important role to be a good leader. In contrast to these factors, there would be dire consequences and it is just a matter of time before the leader feel the full-effect of his action. For instance, some companies had the irresponsible owner before they went bankrupt. Furthermore, these irresponsible owner were often making reckless decision. Clearly, it is important for a good leader to be responsible and able to make an important decision. The other factor is that a good leader should be strict with the regulation without exception to their members. As this factor will prove that a good leader can be fair to the others. For this reason, I can illustrate that in a group, the leader has a relationship with one of their members. However, they should never put an exception to the members as this can lead to dire consequences through their actions. As a result, these leaders may end up being replaced by others. Hence, a good leader must be fair when they have gained the trust to become a leader. Finally, a good leader should be someone who is hard working and creative. More importantly, they should be persuasive when giving their team encouragement. This can produce a good result for their team because they have earned the trust of their leaders to do something. For example, most employees in some companies have been supported by their leaders that they will earn additional payment if they finish their work before the deadline. To put it in a nutshell, it is clear that the factors mentioned above are the characteristics of a good leader. In my opinion, a good leader must have a good morale behavior as well. By doing it right, one can make a better condition that may affect the outcome of their lives in later life. How to cite Characteristics Of A Good Leader, Papers

Strategic Process Management †Nabisco Essay Example

Strategic Process Management – Nabisco Essay Strategic Process Management – Nabisco 1)Introduction Nabisco is 1 of Kraft’s billion-dollar brands which is dated back to as far as more than a century since 1898 when the United States Baking Company, the New York Biscuit Company and the American Biscuit amp; Manufacturing Company formed to become the National Biscuit Company. â€Å"Nabisco† first appeared on a new sugar wafer product in 1901, but the corporate name did not change from National Biscuit Company to Nabisco, Inc. until 1971. Kraft Food acquired the Nabisco business in December 2000. Today, Nabisco’s brands include some of the best-known cookies and crackers in the world, including Oreo, Chips Ahoy! and Ritz. Nabisco’s existence over such long history in the food industry also denotes that it have advantages over competitors in the behaviours of the consumers. Nabisco rid the wave of changing together with the traditional manufacturer focus push strategy of â€Å"We made it, you buy it† to the consumers focus pull strategy of â€Å"you make it; we’ll let you know about it†. The â€Å"We† as a seller, have switched its role; from a dominating to a submissive position empowering the consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Process Management – Nabisco specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Process Management – Nabisco specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Process Management – Nabisco specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In order to balance the empowerment, Nabisco knew it had to invest in its supply chain function! Only when its supply chain is in good function that it can ensure repeated business transaction continues and generates profits for the company. - Here in this assignment, we will be looking into how Nabisco implemented Strategic Process Management to its supply chain function by analysing its business environment to reconstructive its mission and vision, what choices it made to enhance its strategy and built the company’s image and what measurements and control tools it have to sustain its success. 2)Nabisco Corporate Philosophy Nabisco created 1 wholesome vision which included the company, the customers and the anticipation. A vision that focused both on internal and external factors on doing things right the first time above all expectation. * Mission:To be First, Fast amp; Fresh One that can create a focus on customers’ needs, the internal alignment that let Nabisco wor k towards common goals, and executive excellence to give them speed and ability to do things right the first time, better than the competition, and better than our customers’ expectations. In order to achieve the mission, Nabisco have to organize the company internally to achieve self-excellence through independence. Being Proactive, Nabisco promotes this proactive mindset by recognizing and rewarding its employees for demonstration of proactive qualities in the monthly town hall meeting. A simple step which encourages all employers to take ownership and dignity that they are responsible for. Next, Nabisco visualized; being with the end in mind, this meant, creating a sense of direction for the Nabisco. Being proactive in Nabisco’s development, employees of all departments and all levels form a team to create the â€Å"Mission† for the company. The mission for Nabisco created was to get the products from Nabisco to the customers First, Fast and Fresh. Being all armed with both proactive and a sense of direction, Nabisco embarked into ‘strategic management’, decision making which leads to actions taken that will determine if a corporation is going to excel, survive only or shuts down in future. This is a strategic plan which has to be somewhat different. This was 1 of the most important implementation in Nabisco, Strategic Management focus on and stays through a plan that is very important for Nabisco. And Nabisco started to build the framework of the plan into its operations, focusing on supply chain function. * Goal:Create Supply Chain to be Fast, Focus, Flexible and Fun. Fast; speed which also denotes for action oriented in Nabisco. Focus; taking care and understanding their customers well at the same time creating extra value for customers. Flexibility; this means ideas over procedures, loosening tight controls which generates better ideas to improve work flows or environments. Lastly, being Fun; a passionate and enthusiastic attitude about getting the work done. - With vision aligned, Nabisco concluded a critical decision on investing in Supply Chain. As supply chain management defines, all resources which includes finance, materials and information that flows from the supplier’s supplier ending all the way to the customer’s customer. In order to fulfill its mission, Nabisco’s supply chain will have to succeed. Supply Chain Strategic Management became the core competent that Nabisco need to achieve. 3)Analyzing the Business Environment In order to understand where Nabisco is in the market, SWOT Analysis amp; Porter’s five force models are used to evaluate Nabisco’s internal amp; external operating environment and market situation. Below, you will see both analyzing models being performed. a) Business amp; Market Analysis i) SWOT Analysis A method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats invo lved in a project or in a business venture. A market analysis which involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. Figure 3. 3: SWOT Analysis Diagram (Source: www. businessteacher. org. uk) * Strength i) Staff Strength With staff strength of 5000, it creates better approach for Nabisco in staff deployment which it leverages with retailer by putting them with directly at the store. Thus this will improve customer relationship. ii) Financially Sounded Organization Nabisco is a $3. 6 billion financial sound organization which this enhances its position to implement strategic reforms as a corporation. iii) Direct Relationship with Consumers The strongest strength of Nabisco is its direct customer relationship. This direct contact with consumers gives Nabisco a competitive advantage because Nabisco knows exactly who are their consumers, their requirements, when consignments shall be arrival, how to display the products, pricing that consumers spent with Nabisco and etc. It is a more to a 1-1 proposition. Moreover, Nabisco sale staff can rely on the gather information to office for market interpretation. iv) Low Inventory and Short Produce Life Cycle Nabisco has substituted information for inventories and manufactures biscuits quantity to be as accurate as possible. Key advantages are reducing low inventories and improve the quality of the products. This is a very vital point and basic want from the customer to be able to purchase a freshly made biscuits and value for purchase. The low inventory level also enables Nabisco to incorporate declining components ‘costs and pass some of the saving to customers faster than rivals. Weakness i)Lack of Market Reach Nabisco faces barrier in markets where there are existing good local competitors, consumer preferences for local brands, religious and well-entrenched distribution channels. * Opportunity i) Development of Product Range and Target Audience Nabisco has the ability to integrate the manufacturing of product with food technology. F or instance, they have created a new product called â€Å"Snack-Well† which the reduced-fats products have successfully retains its tastiness. This has expanded its product range and created a healthy awareness. Threat i) Duplication of DSD Nabisco’s breakthrough of DSD was a big success that its industry competitors have duplicated/implemented the direct to customer model with varying degree of successes too. It may not be a competitive advantage in the near future. In additional, low cost competitors can easily copy Nabisco’s strategies especially those located in the developing countries. ii) Hygiene Monitoring Besides having a quick, fast moving of products to the consumers, it is vital to ensure that hygiene are closely monitoring throughout the pipeline. One mistake can be fatal to the survival of Nabisco. ii) Porter’s Five Forces This framework draws upon Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. An unattractive industry is one in which the combination of these five forces acts to drive down overall profitability. A business analysis that is critical for the company’s plan in going forward. Figure 3. 4: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Diagram Source: The Free Encyclopedia, www. wikipedia. org) i) Suppliers Depending on their order quantities, this can put themselves in a good bargaining power from the suppliers and thus adding a degree of pressure to the suppliers in cost factors and speed consignment delivery. However, there is necessitating for a backward integration in the fear event of ingredient stock out. This will result the slowdo wn of manufacturing and cannot deliver fast enough to stores. Basically biscuits industry’s commodity is classified as a fast moving consumer’s goods (FMCG) industry. Supplier evaluation is also vital taking the recent case of the China milk scandal case, if anyone of the biscuits ingredient (milk) is ordered from these wick suppliers. The entire manufacturing line will be stopped and reputation is greatly affected. ii) New Entrants As this is a consumer food industry, it is considered relatively difficulties to penetrate into this market. The companies are required to process the relevant food authority license, comply to their require checking at all time and a higher capital set up investment. Nevertheless, if the new rival manages to obtain the operating license and with wide publicity, the rival can easily compete with Nabisco. Especially in this new era with the rapid growth of emerging and developing countries, any locally biscuits with sound financial ground company can expand the market share globally. Nabisco understand this possibility of new entrants as such they have direct customer interact within the store, maintain the relationship and replenish the stocks at the quicker time. iii) Buyers There are many alternatives in this biscuits industry ranging. The switching power of the buyers is high. In order to reduce the bargaining power of the customers, the manufacturer can lock in long term contracts with their customers. In additional, they can produce products to target certain audience. iv) Substitutes There are varieties of biscuits available in the markets. As a result, consumers could easily substitute their choices, especially if the products are not put correctly on shelf fast enough and cannot drew the customers’ attention. Nabisco is aware on this point and decide to put at least 4-5 sale persons at the front line to drew customers’ attention. In additional, with careful supply chain management and good integration of the good food technology, the manufacturer can introduce good foods like â€Å"Snack well’s†. This has successfully substituted the competitors’ products. v) Industry Competitors In this biscuit industry, the competitiveness is relative higher. New innovative products are introduced to the markets any moments. Existing players must be consistently check and review the competitors’ movement. Beside that the organization has to create the right culture and structures to stay focus on their version and goal in order to supersede their rivals. For Nabisco, they put great emphasis on team work and investing on the right people at the right time to achieve their competitive advantage. b) Nabisco’s Supply Chain Model With strong financial backup, comprehensive program like direct store delivery and investment in information technology EDI system like Distribution Requirement Planning (DRP) or point of sale have made this reform possible. Strong Competitor and demanding customers directed Nabisco in adoption of several important concepts in its supply chain to achieve its goal. Mass merchandisers which deploying using one stop warehouse, or direct from the manufacturer to the store in a system named Direct Store Delivery (DSD), resources management and food technologies were implemented. The company is driven by advanced information technology system which does everything from the plants to managing inventory in the entire supply chain pipeline. Figure 3. 1: Traditional Supply Chain in Food Industry Figure 3. 2: Nabisco’s New Supply Chain Diagram Nabisco’s production is demand driven so that it is coordinated with end user’s demands. It supply chain uses fast information flow mechanisms to transfer information about customer demand to the manufacturing facilities. With the strong belief of the importance of information technology, Nabisco has introduced EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) DRP to be exact, which has the capable to synchrony information. With evaluation of forecasts and actual demand, DRP is the foundation for time-phrases production scheduling which shortens the lead time and accelerated the delivery time to the customer. Reference to Figure 5. 1: Establish Integrated U. S. Food End to End Processes in section 5, illustrates the flow of information and material in Nabisco’s supply chain. Nabisco has the ability to anticipate incoming order more accurately and subsequently, maintain its cost of inventory at minimum level. In additional, it will reduce the â€Å"bull whip† effect; smooth information flow along the supply chain pipeline. On the other hand, Nabisco’s supply chain strategic is simple in concept but very complex in execution. As its pull based strategy in final stage are only workable when the lead times of the components are short enough for its production line to react faster to the demand information. Similarly in order respond to orders and promptly delivery timing, manufacturing lead time is vital to be shortened. - Nabisco strongly believe that there is no real customer value without a close relationship; therefore they have positioned the sale persons to take the orders and arrange direct delivery direct from its DC to the store. Thus this will maintain a closeness direct touch with their retailer’s consumers. By doing so, they can deliver fresh products at a faster pace and less handling signify a lesser breakage of fragile products. This is why Nabisco emphasis on its mission of First, Fast and Fresh. - 4)Choices of Strategy Following strategic analysis, strategic choice will be the second element in the strategic management process. There are 4 strategy formulations which include societal strategy, corporate strategy, business strategy and functional strategy. Nabisco formulated on 3 strategy formulations in succeed of their business. a) Corporate Strategy The corporate strategy is tied together with the corporate vision and the direction of the organization. Nabisco’s corporate mission is to be first, fast, and fresh. In order to achieve the goal, the top management wants to place supply chain management at the core of a comprehensive business strategy to better serve customers, build sales, profits and returns. For a good supply chain management, it is important to have a good team of people in the organization. Thus, Nabisco’s investment starts with getting and developing the right people. The company do provides a good environment for everyone to make contribution to the organization. b) Business Strategy Business strategy is another strategic choice which will attain competitive advantages over the competitors. Logistics cost is significant in distribution and it is important to have a good distribution strategy in order to reduce the cost. Nabisco is one of the very few companies that have done well in their distribution strategy. They used different distribution methods for different type of products. For all cookies and related food products, it uses Direct Store Delivery (DSD). DSD can be expensive but it’s cost effective. It gives Nabisco tremendous leverage with retailers as it puts company in a position to be a real factor in improving their business. DSD also require less handling which lead to less breakage of fragile products. Nabisco had applied DSD very well in their distribution which brings the company lead among the competitors. Restructuring is the corporate management term for the act of reorganizing the legal, ownership, operational, or other structure of a company for the purpose of making it more profitable, or better organized for its current needs. Nabisco have decided to go into restructuring the organization so to improve its competitive position. Its restructuring programs include re-organize corporate staff and operating company head offices and reducing low-volume product lines and sizes. It allows Nabisco to gain higher productivity and serve customers better with lower operating cost. Nabisco’s investment is another competitive advantage to the organization. Its investment had paid off over and over for the company. It gets hold of the opportunity and combines with their good ideas, good food technology and flawless supply chain management to come out with new products. They have made their products grown big and fast which other competitors didnt manage to. c) Functional Strategy Another strategy which spells the in-house functional capabilities will be the functional strategy. In Nabisco, they create right culture ad structure to wrap around the right supply chain management system. The key elements of their culture will be fast, focused, flexible, and fun. Speed is one of the main concerns in food grocery industry and it see as the price of admission to any competitive field. Focused, in order to focus on customer’s need and to fulfill it, Nabisco not only just understand their customer’s business but involve being part of it. It also focuses on their business need so to create a kind of free-flowing functional excellence. Flexibility, it refers to the organization as it means more leadership and less management. Lastly will be fun, it is important that people in the organization have the passion in getting the job done. In the industry, many organizations have made the mistake of stopping with automated billing and payment which is the fundamental contribution of EDI’s ability to link computers. As for Nabisco, it concentrates on the full range of value-adding application that brings computer links to life. Nabisco had created a new order management system which allows the salesperson to generate orders on the go. Its plant and planning are wired together and make all the information in the system are up to date. With all the useful information in the system, the organization able to have a better monitoring and planning by generating useful reports. Wiring the organization effectively had bring Nabisco to another success in managing the company’s inventory system. - Nabisco is doing well in new products innovation and it had awarded with the Outstanding Corporate Innovator Award based on the new product success. Nabisco is the first food company to be so honored. Over the years, Nabisco had created many new products regularly and have successfully retained the products stayed on the shelves. In doing so, the organization have a good team of Ramp;D people which the company divides them into product development and research lines. Both divisions work as a team very closely and lead to the success in new products innovation. - 5)Implementation of Strategy Strategic Management Process for Nabisco involved analysis of environment, evaluation of strategic formulations, implementation and m onitoring of strategy progress. It is important to attain competitive advantage over the competitors via strategic implementation and monitoring. After evaluating the business environment of Nabisco, through SWOT and Porter’s analysis, the corporation is well aware of its business standing in the food industry. The understanding of strategic analysis led to strategic choice, which consists of corporate strategy, business strategy and functional strategy. Subsequently, implementing and monitoring emerge to execute the final plan. These plans enable an organisation to concrete the words or planning into action and to achieve corporate objective. a) Structure Distribution Channel The distribution channel affects how a company reached out to its customers. Nabisco deliver products to consumer through traditional grocery, as well as mass merchandisers such as convenience store, membership club and drug store. They managed to operate the distribution well, thanks to their warehouse distribution stops and DSD. Reference to Figure 3. 1 Traditional Supply Chain in Food Industry and Figure 3. 2 Nasbisco’s New Supply Chain Diagram in section 3b, illustrates the changes in Nabisco’s supply chain flow. This is uncommon for a company to operate their distribution channel in 2 ways. Nabisco puts themselves directly in touch with its retailers’ consumers and help them to reach consumers efficiently. The management of Nabisco evaluate the company’s supply chain from the top to shipping and distribution of final products. They understood the strategy accurately and ensure that all the departments are work and function efficiently in order to meet their goals. The effective strategies that Nabisco has adopted led them to meet their customers’ desire. Customer perceptions are important to guide the company in meeting quality standards and customer retention. Nabisco gives customer what they want, how and when they want it at an agreed upon price that they are happy to pay. On top of that, Nabisco cultivated a right culture to create the right supply chain management system. Both are typically interrelated in nurture a successful supply chain management. Nabisco’s effort for change in distribution channel worked so well that it won them competitive advantages in providing an expanded customer base more than their competitors. System Nabisco needed to develop 2 major supply chain systems—a new sales forecasting tool and a DRP (Distribution Requirements Planning) system. After 2 years of research and planning, it implemented the DRP and forecasting systems in late 1990. This also enhanced its order management and inventory management systems to be more robust and to take advantage of the new components to the supply chain. Nabisco defined supply chain management as â€Å"a business practice that begins with the customer, integrating systems and business processes from forecasting through demand planning, resulting in an effective integration of purchasing, order management, manufacturing and transportation to the customer. † Such implementation meets its objective of being the low cost supplier, not just manufacturer, to the customers. The business process begins with a forecast. Representatives from production planning, sales, operations, marketing, finance, plant management, and logistics formally meet monthly to ensure that agreement exists with regard to the forecast plan. The focus here is on aligning the availability of materials/packaging supplies and production capability. The team studies the promotional calendar and any changes in timing to identify potential trouble spots such as line conflicts, availability of ingredients, and machine capacity. The logistics group has complete control, however, to determine the forecast that is sent over to the Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP) system, and becomes the foundation for production scheduling and deployment to the distribution center network. Weekly operational meetings take place where key participants jointly resolve variations that might exist between the recommended production schedule and manufacturing capabilities. The team understands that unexpected problems can occur and that these issues must be immediately communicated so that an alternative plan can be agreed upon. Common goals and objectives drive the incentive system, ensuring all participants do not operate with conflicting measurement systems. Nabisco have a strong technology foundation that provides end-to-end, common integrated systems and functionality. Our technology foundation is built on common, integrated systems and metrics. All key supply chain participants have access to real (or near real) time data that influences the performance of the supply chain. This is critical if we are to measure our performance as one supply chain, driven from a common data source, with fully linked performance indicators. This gives us the ability to perform enterprise-wide supply chain modeling as illustrated above. Figure 5. 1: Establish Integrated U. S. Food End to End Processes (Source: www. bsu. edu) Today, through new item introductions and a general proliferation of products, Nabisco manage many more individual stock keeping units (SKUs) than in the past. In fact it has moved from 1,600 SKUs just 5years ago to more than 2,100 today. Although manufacturing capacities have been improved, there has not been a corresponding increase in the manufacturing flexibility due to the capital investment that would be required. Many of its manufacturing facilities operate with high speed equipment that was intended for long runs, with few changeovers. Additionally, through initiatives like Efficient Consumer Response and others, progressive companies are operating with fewer inventories than in the past. They have altered their buying cycles and are presenting manufacturers with smaller orders requiring more frequent deliveries. This requires planning to become more intense and time constrained, with a true customer and lowest landed cost focus. Nabisco must focus its supply chain to respond to customers ordering more items in smaller quantities with less lead-time. b) Processes Nabisco also invested on resource planning and flexibility within organisation. It is important to build a comfortable working environment for the employee to work efficiently and make contribution to the company. Nabisco motivate and reward their employee by enhancing the development and promotion system. With a right incentive system and management appraisal, Nabisco could see the result from the company’s profit as well as return. In addition, Nabisco understand that the key driver for the business is consumer’s demand. Thus, they are putting the right people in critical positions, to serve customer fast, first and fresh. For example, they have a team of 5,000 people calling on stores in United States. With the efficient of distribution and management, Nabisco reach customers at maximum speed and accuracy. To become a lowest cost food manufacturer and excel their competitors in the market besides pricing, Nabisco needs to provide continuous and lifelong self improvement programmes to the employee. To managing talent, attracting and motivating is the key to retain the best people. A good investment in people is a global practice that could help the organisation to concentrate on core competencies in business. c) Behaviour Organisation behaviour does constitute to strategic implementation. The people, leadership and information system is crucial in optimising effectiveness of organisation strategy. Nabisco is a food manufacturing company that exercised action oriented and entrepreneurial. They are learning a new lesson from the risk they faced in the past. Also, good communication between functional departments aids to drop the superfluous processes in product manufacturing and distribution. The sales people of Nabisco visiting the stores few times a week. Every time they visit, they will take the order, arrange stock delivery, and display the products on the selves. By doing so, they are able to reach consumers need in fastest way. Moreover, they could adjust the supply of the products in the stores according to market demand. - Technology supports the service; product support promise; quality support customer value and focus. Nabisco created a new product Snack well and introduced to market. They received overwhelming demand from the consumers in a short period. This successful launching shows that the effort of good idea, technology and people management is important to thrive in strategy implementation. - 6) Control of Strategy Control simply means to monitor and improved on. Monitoring of organisation strategy is to measuring actual performance of the organisation against planned performance. It helps to identify the gaps and deviations of an organisation before they could take corrective action. Strategic control is vital as its focuses on actions implement by organisation to achieve organisation objective. It is important to obtain customer feedback in the process of strategic control. With a good channel of communication with consumers, it facilitates in creating manufacturing flexibility to meet company’s structure. In Nabisco, the management and employees were able to maintain inventory cost and carrying cost low and provide customers excellence service in unison. In order to achieve higher market share and profit in the industry, Nabisco continue to reduce the cost of inventory for raw material and packaging cost for finished goods. Indexes like Inventory turn and customer satisfaction are implemented to keep track upon. Nabisco also measures the company performance by finance indicator, Return on Equity (ROE). They constantly improve customer service by increase the orders fulfilment and invoicing accuracy as well as timely delivery. Because they are doing business efficiently, revenue and profits increase. On the other hand, proper inventory management further enhance the company’s ROE. Eventually, business runs better and dynamic with appropriate monitoring approaches adopted by Nabisco. - In summary, an organisation needs to set reasonable target and focus on core business while defending the corporate values at the same time. The leadership from the top management play crucial role in the strategy implementation and monitoring. They support research and development of an organisation, also control the capital spending tightly. Beside, Nabisco retain capable employees by reward them generously. Low employee turnover do aids in the strategy implementing and monitoring. - 7)Conclusion Supply chain management (SCM) does not totally described the complex challenges faced in providing the customer with value-added products and services while concurrently meeting a company’s vision and mission. However, given all of the elements involved— technology, communications, corporate cultures, internal goals, customer requirements—the dynamics of SCM can be many and complex. Nabisco made an excellent strategic decision by focusing and investing in its supply chain function! It actually took 2 years for Nabisco take on that challenge with much determination. It was not an easy decision, much consideration and analysis and picking the right strategy to meet its goal. This Strategic decision for implementation proved success. It enhanced Nabisco’s order management and inventory management systems to be more robust and to take advantage of the new components to the supply chain. Nabisco received many other benefits from the supply chain efforts. Inventory turns improved by about 15% while it added complexity in the form of additional stock keep units competing for manufacturing time. Additionally, Nabisco’s customer service improved as case fill rose to nearly 99% and they were able to respond quicker to the rapidly changing marketplace demand. Its forecast error was reduced to 39% (stock keep units/location level) again, while the number of items managed increased substantially. The logistics cost as a percentage of sales dropped to just over 6%, a reduction of 15%. - Nabisco continued to improve upon its efficiencies as our programs take advantage of tighter linkages and improved technologies with which to plan. Finally, with much improvements and going forward,